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Islamic philosophy is the result of Islamic thought. This Islamic thought is the fruit of the encouragement of the teachings of the Qur'an and Hadith. Islamic thinking is a unique thought, different from the others. Because Islamic thought originates from revelation or relies on the explanation of revelation, while other thoughts that develop among humans, both in the form of non-celestial religions, political and economic ideologies, and social theories simply emerge from the genius of thinking human who gave birth to it. This article tries to discuss it.

Rapid developments are taking place in the field of neuroscience. As a result, ethical questions are increasingly being taken up in the field of brain research: Is there freedom of will? Are human beings free in their actions, or are their actions determined? In the following, the question of moral responsibility in criminals as well as the question of free will underlying this question are examined from an Islamic perspective[1] in an interdisciplinary manner.
Der Beitrag The question of free will in Islamic philosophy erschien zuerst auf Philosophie InDebate.

Islamic philosophy is the result of Islamic thought. This Islamic thought is the fruit of the encouragement of the teachings of the Qur'an and Hadith. Islamic thinking is a unique thought, different from the others. Because Islamic thought originates from revelation or relies on the explanation of revelation, while other thoughts that develop among humans, both in the form of non-celestial religions, political and economic ideologies, and social theories simply emerge from the genius of thinking human who gave birth to it. This article tries to discuss it.

Intro -- An Islamic Philosophy of Virtuous Religions -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- 1. Introduction -- ALFARABI'S LIFE AND HIS INFLUENCE -- ALFARABI'S MANNER OF WRITING -- OVERVIEW -- 2. The Impossibility of the City in the Republic -- KALLIPOLIS AS IDEAL STATE OR TOTALITARIAN NIGHTMARE? -- THE THREE WAVES AND THE PROBLEM OF POSSIBILITY -- The First Wave -- The Second Wave -- The Digression on War -- The Third Wave -- 3. The A Fortiori Argument -- ALFARABI ON THE REPUBLIC IN THE ATTAINMENT OF HAPPINESS: EDUCATING PHILOSOPHER-KINGS TO RULE THE INHABITED WORLD, THE CHALLENGE -- TENSION IN THE "UNITY OF THE VIRTUES": HARD VS. SOFT -- THE UNEASY PEACE BETWEEN PRUDENCE ANDWISDOM -- 4. Alfarabi on Jihâd -- FROM ÎMÂN VS. KUFR TO ISLÂM VS. HÓ ARB -- ALFARABI'S APHORISMS ON JIHÂD -- Aphorisms 67 and 79 -- Aphorisms 11-16 -- Aphorisms 68-76 -- ALFARABI'S ATTAINMENT OF HAPPINESS ON JIHÂD -- CHALLENGES TO COMPELLING GOOD CHARACTER -- 5. The Multiplicity Argument -- THE INCREASING TENDENCY TOWARD CONQUEST AND DOMINATION -- THE TASK OF DELIBERATION:SHAPING A MULTIPLICITY OF CHARACTERS -- THE TASK OF THEORETICAL VIRTUE: SHAPING A MULTIPLICITY OF OPINIONS -- RELIGION AS AN IMITATION OF PHILOSOPHY -- 6. The Limits of Knowledge and the Problem of Realization -- KNOWLEDGE AND EXPLOITATION -- Attainment of Happiness -- The Philosophy of Aristotle: The Limits of Our Knowledge of Final Causes -- CERTAINTY AND THE KNOWLEDGE OF UNIVERSALS AND PARTICULARS -- THE LIMITS OF KNOWLEDGE AND THE INHERENT MULTIPLICITY OF RELIGION -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Author/Subject Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Z -- Index of Passages from Alfawarabi's Attainment of Happiness.

Every civilization needs the basic sciences to develop in all aspects, including science and culture, industry and technology, etc. Philosophy is one of the core elements of the basic sciences. It focuses on epistemology and ontology. In the process of forming Islamic civilization, the nature and the essence of Islamic philosophy, its necessity, possibility, and impossibility are some of the main challenges of the 21th-century Islamic world. The main purpose of this study was to show the essence of Islamic philosophy based on the specific definitions presented for the philosophy today. The content of Islamic philosophy has been taken from the revelatory sources of Islam. Being affected by the schools of Peripatetic and Illuminationist and Transcendent philosophies, Islamic philosophy has reached such an eminence that is forming a great Islamic civilization. The data were collected through library research and were analyzed using a descriptive-analytical approach. The most important result of the study was the establishment of the position of Islamic philosophy, i.e., its superiority to other philosophical schools of the world.

In this book the author argues that the Falasifa, the Philosophers of the Islamic Golden Age, are usefully interpreted through the prism of the contemporary, western ethics of belief. He contends that their position amounts to what he calls 'Moderate Evidentialism' - that only for the epistemic elite what one ought to believe is determined by one's evidence. The author makes the case that the Falasifa's position is well argued, ingeniously circumvents issues in the epistemology of testimony, and is well worth taking seriously in the contemporary debate. He reasons that this is especially the case since the position has salutary consequences for how to respond to the sceptic, and for how we are to conceive of extremist belief. Anthony Robert Booth is Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Sussex, UK. He also works for Trusting Banks, a NWO (Dutch Science Foundation) funded collaboration between the Universities of Groningen, the Netherlands, and Cambridge, UK. He has worked mainly on issues at the intersection of ethics and epistemology, and has published articles appearing in such journals as Journal of Philosophy, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research and Synthese. He also co-edited Intuitions (2014)